Tidal Mechanics.

The rhythmic rise and fall of sea levels is a celestial dance between the Earth, Moon, and Sun.

Tides are caused by gravitational gradient forces. While the Sun is massive, its distance means the Moon exerts roughly twice the tidal force on Earth. This creates two "bulges" in the global ocean—one on the side facing the Moon and one on the opposite side due to centrifugal force.

In coastal geography, the intertidal zone is the most volatile habitat on Earth. Organisms here must survive hours of total dehydration and intense UV exposure, followed by hours of total submersion in crashing saltwater.